Abstract
BACKGROUND: Topiramate (TPM) is commonly used for migraine prophylaxis; nonetheless, it is linked to nephrotoxicity, which mostly results from oxidative stress and inflammatory mechanisms. AIM: This study aimed to assess the preventive effects of gallic acid (GA) and furosemide (Lasix) against renal damage caused by TPM in rats. METHODS: Sixty male albino rats were categorized into six groups: control, TPM-only, TPM + Lasix, Lasix-only, TPM + GA, and GA-only. The investigation lasted 60 days, evaluating renal function, oxidative stress indicators, and histological and immunohistochemical alterations. RESULTS: The TPM-treated group exhibited considerable renal impairment, as indicated by increased levels of creatinine, urea, blood urea nitrogen, and interleukin (IL)-6, as well as reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes [catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase]. Histopathological examination revealed tubular necrosis and inflammation, while immunohistochemistry results showed elevated expression of caspase3 and IL-6. The co-administration of GA or Lasix mitigated these effects. The TPM + GA group exhibited improved kidney function, less oxidative stress, and enhanced histological structure, underscoring GA's powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics. Likewise, Lasix exerted protective effects by alleviating TPM-induced kidney injury. CONCLUSION: These data highlight the therapeutic efficacy of GA and Lasix against TPM-induced nephrotoxicity, indicating their clinical relevance in addressing drug-induced kidney damage.