Abstract
The large-scale integration of renewable energy sources introduces significant uncertainty into modern power systems, posing new challenges for reliable and economical operation. Effective scheduling therefore requires accurate monitoring of uncertainty and efficient handling of nonlinear system dynamics. This paper proposes an optimization-based scheduling method that combines sensor-informed monitoring of photovoltaic (PV) uncertainty with advanced processing of nonlinear hydropower characteristics. A detailed hydropower model is incorporated into the framework to represent water balance, reservoir dynamics, and head-discharge-power relationships with improved accuracy. Nonlinear constraints and uncertainty are addressed through a unified approximation scheme that ensures computational tractability. Case studies on the modified IEEE -39 system show that the proposed method achieves effective multi-source coordination, reduces operating costs by up to 2.9%, and enhances renewable energy utilization across different uncertainty levels and PV penetration scenarios.