Abstract
Based on extensive fieldwork, herbarium and literature studies, and molecular phylogenetic analyses, we present a comprehensive taxonomic revision of the genus Miliusa in China. Ten species are recognized, with the following major taxonomic changes: Miliusa tenuistipitata is reduced to synonymy with M. dioeca; two new species, M. aurilaveoides X.L.Hou & Z.Y.Shi, sp. nov. and M. xiaoboi X.L.Hou & Z.Y.Shi, sp. nov., are described; M. sinensis is reinstated as distinct from M. balansae; and the treatment of M. cuneata and M. velutina in the "Flora of China" is revised. An identification key and photographs of living plants are provided.