Abstract
There exists a distinct lack of publicly available literature addressing the most effective hardware design for photoplethysmography (PPG) devices for clinical and domestic applications. In this article, this problem was addressed by investigating the hardware design configuration of a PPG device, with particular emphasis on the light source wavelength, light source brightness, number of light sources, photodetector lens shape, and sensor-to-skin contact pressure. A participant study was conducted to collect cardiovascular metric data from 110 participants with varying skin tones, which was used to determine the most promising hardware configuration of the PPG device. It was concluded that the device had little bias to skin tone, with only a 3.82 dB variance over all the skin tones tested.