Abstract
This study investigated the ability of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from oranges to use fish by-products (FB) and chicken by-products (CB) as nitrogen sources alternative to yeast extract for lactic acid (LA) production in a papaya by-product medium as a carbon source. Once the fermentation agents had been isolated, they were subjected to biochemical and molecular characterization. Inexpensive nitrogen sources, precisely CB and FB, were prepared, freeze-dried, and yield evaluated. Also, before to the fermentation experiments, the Total Kjehdahl Nitrogen (TKN) of these by-products and that of the yeast extract were determined. Then, three production media differing in terms of nitrogen source were formulated from these nitrogen sources. From the 22 LAB isolated from orange, two isolates of interest (NGO25 and NGO23) were obtained; all belonging to the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum species based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Furthermore, the production yield powder obtained after lyophilization of 1 L of CB and FB surpernatant were, respectively, 16.6 g and 12.933 g. The TKN of different nitrogen sources powder were 71.4 ± 0.000% DM (FB), 86.145 ± 0.001% DM (CB), and 87.5 ± 0.99% DM (yeast extract). The best kinetic parameters of LA production (LA (g/L): 31.945 ± 0.078; volumetric productivity (g/L.h): 1.331 ± 0.003; LA yield (mg/g) 63.89 ± 0.156; biomass (g/L) 7.925 ± 0.035; cell growth rate (g/L.h): 0.330 ± 0.001) were recorded by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum NGO25 after 24 h of fermentation. The latter data were obtained in the production medium containing CB as nitrogen sources. In addition, this production medium cost only $0.152 to formulate, compared to yeast extract which required $1.692 to formulate. Thus, freeze-dried CB can be used as an alternative to yeast extract in large-scale production of LA.