Abstract
The epidemiology of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and Treponema pallidum among Cameroonian blood donors was addressed in this study. This prospective study was conducted from December 2021 to February 2022 at the Blood Transfusion Centre (BTC) of Douala Laquintinie Hospital. Blood bags were screened for HBV, HCV, HIV, and T. pallidum using standard tests. Donors' medical records and the BTC database were consulted to collect data of interest. A total of 1,728 blood bags were included in the study; among them, 805 (46.6%) were from first-time donors. The overall prevalence of TTIs was 19.6%. HCV infection (9.3%) was the most frequent recorded TTI. Co-infections (3.2%) were mainly caused by HCV + T. pallidum (1.2%) and HCV + HIV (0.8%). The risk of TTI was higher in donors aged 35-45 years (aOR = 1.62, p = 0.04) and ≥ 45 years (aOR = 2.59, p = 0.0009). A high education level and being a family donor were protective factors for TTIs, HIV, and T. pallidum. Our findings will contribute to ongoing efforts by the government of Cameroon to improve the safety of transfusion-related systems and strategies at both the regional and national levels. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-025-00927-9.