Abstract
Osteosarcoma is a highly aggressive bone tumor that primarily affects adolescents and young adults, posing significant challenges in therapeutic efficacy, prognostic assessment, and treatment strategies. This study investigates the oncogenic and immune regulatory roles of the PTPN family in osteosarcoma using a comprehensive multi-omics approach. We utilized transcriptomic data, single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and clinical information obtained from publicly available databases. Dimensionality reduction and clustering techniques were employed to subclassify immune cells and analyze the tumor microenvironment characteristics. We identified prognostic genes associated with the PTPN family and stratified osteosarcoma cases into distinct molecular subtypes using consensus clustering. A random forest model revealed that the PTPN family has a significant impact on prognosis and modulates key oncogenic pathways. Furthermore, we analyzed the role of the PTPN family in regulating immune cells and selected PTPN23 for experimental validation. This research not only enhances prognostic assessments in osteosarcoma but also establishes a foundation for personalized therapeutic interventions.