Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key contributor to vascular inflammation in many cardiovascular diseases. This review explores mitochondrial transplantation as a promising strategy for addressing mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular inflammation. We discuss mitochondrial dysfunction across different vascular cell types and current clinical management strategies, highlighting the need for novel approaches that directly target mitochondrial health. We also present recent progress in mitochondrial transplantation across cardiac, neurovascular, and peripheral vascular applications in preclinical settings, as well as ongoing clinical trials. Important technical considerations, such as mitochondria sourcing, delivery routes, and storage, are discussed to facilitate future translation. By reinstating mitochondrial health and hence mitigating vascular inflammation, mitochondrial transplantation holds the potential to provide novel, targeted therapies for cardiovascular diseases, ultimately improving patient outcomes, reducing disease progression, and addressing unmet medical needs in vascular health. The translation of this technology into clinical practice could offer significant advances in the treatment of a wide range of cardiovascular conditions.