Abstract
Intelligent unmanned clusters have played a crucial role in military reconnaissance, disaster rescue, border patrol, and other domains. Nevertheless, due to factors such as multipath propagation, electromagnetic interference, and frequency band congestion in high dynamic scenarios, unmanned cluster networks experience frequent topology changes and severe spectrum limitations, which hinder the provision of connected, elastic and autonomous network support for data interaction among unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) nodes. To address the conflict between the demand for reliable data transmission and the limited network resources, this paper proposes an AODV routing protocol based on node energy consumption and mobility optimization (AODV-EM) from the perspective of network routing protocols. This protocol introduces two routing metrics: node energy based on node degree balancing and relative node mobility, to comprehensively account for both the balance of network node load and the stability of network links. The experimental results demonstrate that the AODV-EM protocol exhibits better performance compared to traditional AODV protocol in unmanned cluster networks with dense node distribution and high mobility, which not only improves the efficiency of data transmission, but also ensures the reliability and stability of data transmission.