Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is characterized by esophageal mucosal injury due to the reflux of gastroduodenal contents. Typical symptoms include heartburn and acid regurgitation. In addition, gastroesophageal reflux (GER) can influence conditions such as otitis media, rhinitis, and asthma. This study aimed to examine the association between dinner-to-bed time and GER-related diseases, such as otitis media, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. METHODS: This was a longitudinal cohort study using secondary data. Data were collected from a large-scale birth cohort study conducted in Japan including babies born in 2001 and 2010. Dinner-to-bed time was categorized as "longer dinner-to-bed time" (>120 minutes), "shorter dinner-to-bed time" (≤120 minutes or less), and "irregular dinner-to-bed time." Modified Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate risk ratios (RRs). RESULTS: A total of 60,392 children were included in this study. Children with shorter dinner-to-bed time had a higher risk of asthma (adjusted RR (aRR) = 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-1.18) than those with longer dinner-to-bed time. However, no significant association was observed between shorter dinner-to-bed time and otitis media or allergic rhinitis. Furthermore, supplementary analyses revealed that the risk of asthma was significantly higher in children born in 2001 (aRR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.22). CONCLUSION: This study showed that dinner-to-bed time within 120 minutes after dinner increases the risk of developing asthma. This underscores the importance of considering lifestyle modifications, as certain pediatric asthma cases may be influenced by behaviors that promote GER.