Abstract
Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) are highly prevalent predictors of cardiovascular disease in individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vitamin D, particularly 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], deficiency has been reported to be associated with cardiac structure and function in CKD patients. In the current study, we investigated the association between 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D], the active form of 25(OH)D, and LVH/LVDD in CKD patients. We enrolled 513 non-dialysis CKD patients. The presence of LVH and LVDD was determined using transthoracic echocardiography. In multivariable analysis, serum 1,25(OH)2D levels, but not serum 25(OH)D, were independently associated with LVH [odds ratio (OR): 0.90, 95% confidential interval (CI): 0.88-0.93, P < 0.001]. Additionally, age, systolic blood pressure, and intact parathyroid hormone levels were independently associated with LVH. Similarly, multivariable analysis demonstrated that serum 1,25(OH)2D levels, but not 25(OH)D levels, were independently associated with LVDD (OR: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.86-0.91, P < 0.001) with systolic blood pressure showing independent association with LVDD. The optimal cut-off values for serum 1,25(OH)2D levels for identifying LVH and LVDD were determined as ≤ 12.7 pg/dl and ≤ 18.1 pg/dl, respectively. Our findings suggest that serum 1,25(OH)2D levels have independent association with LVH and LVDD in CKD patients, underscoring their potential as biomarkers for these conditions in this patient population.