Abstract
Rationale: Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) is an uncommon extramedullary tumor, and involvement of the female reproductive system is very rare. Patient concerns: We present a case of cervical GS in a 45-year-old woman who presented with repeated vaginal bleeding after sex for 1 month. Diagnosis: The patient was diagnosed with cervical GS mainly based on pathological immunohistochemical examination and further progressed to acute myeloid leukemia (AML) based on bone marrow puncture and cytogenetic analysis. Interventions and outcomes: The patient underwent hysterectomy and bilateral adnexectomy, and subsequently received AML-type chemotherapy. She relapsed 3 months after therapy and progressed to AML. The patient was then treated with chemotherapy with cytosine arabinoside and idarubicin again and achieved complete remission after 1 cycle. Currently, she is still receiving therapy combined with cytosine arabinoside and idarubicin, and has been alive for 13 months. Lessons: Although GS of the reproductive system is rare, it should be included in the differential diagnosis of gynecological neoplasms and should be treated with AML-type chemotherapy protocols.