Abstract
This study delves into the role of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) surface proteins in cell adhesion and immunoregulation. Using fluorescence microscopy, we observed distinct adhesion patterns on various cell types. LAB surface proteins demonstrated concentration-dependent inhibition of Salmonella adhesion, with LAB69 exhibiting potent antagonistic effects. Genetic expression analysis revealed nuanced responses in key genes (MD2, TLR4, IL-10, MUC3, MIF) across different cell types, highlighting the diverse immunomodulatory effects of LAB surface proteins. Modulation of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines further emphasized the complex interplay. In conclusion, this study underscores the pivotal role of LAB surface proteins in mediating cell adhesion and immunoregulation, providing a foundation for isolating specific immunomodulatory molecules within LAB surface proteins for potential applications in microbial ecological agents.