Abstract
BACKGROUND: Abortion refers to the premature expulsion of a fetus from a dam, typically following the death of the fetus in utero. If fetal death occurs within the first 1-2 months of gestation, it is often classified as "early embryonic death." Such early losses generally proceed without noticeable clinical signs in the dam, and the termination of pregnancy may go undetected. In 2 months of gestation, fetal death usually results in evident clinical signs, culminating in the expulsion of the fetus and the associated fetal membranes. AIM: The objective of this research was to identify the causative agent of abortion in achenes cows using the rose bengal test (RBT), complement fixation test (CFT), ELISA, and card agglutination test (CATT). The identified causative agents were then mapped according to geographical distribution. METHODS: Seventy-four blood serum samples were collected from cattle at the UPTD IBI Saree and 30 samples were collected from the UPTD Lembah Seulawah, Lhut/Jaya, Lhut/Teunom, and Reuleut/Ulim. The blood serum samples were then subjected to a series of serological tests: RBT and CFT, to detect the presence of Brucella (an agent thought to induce abortion). Detection of the infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) causative agent Bovine Herpesvirus-1 was performed using ELISA, whereas the Toxoplasma seropositive test was performed using CATT. RESULT: The abortion seropositive examination of cows by RBT and CFT methods achieved the same result 22.1%, with 15.3% in males and 28.8% in females. The Toxoplasma serologic test by CATT revealed a prevalence rate of 1.92% (2/140). The IBR examination with ELISA revealed that 85% of the samples were seropositive, 1.92% were suspected, and 16.35% were seronegative. From this series of examinations, we detected infections of Brucellosis, IBR, and toxins in the samples. Therefore, the infective causative agents of abortion in cows reared in the UPTD IBI Saree and other regions in Aceh are Brucella sp, Toxoplasma, and IBR. The geographical distribution of the data showing abortion causative agents in Acehnese cows are in the UPTD IBI Saree, Lembah Seulawah, Lhut/Jaya, Lhut/Teunom, and Reuleut/Ulim. CONCLUSION: The Acehnese cows examined by RBT, CFT, ELISA, and CATT were positive at different prevalences. The test results showed that the causative agent of abortion in cattle was not only caused by Brucella but could be caused by other agents or could occur in the same cattle caused by more than one agent simultaneously in one cattle.