Abstract
Trauma and acute care surgeons commonly perform high acuity and emergent interventions on critically ill or injured patients. This often entails making life or death decisions rapidly and with incomplete and imperfect information, and in patients who may have a variety of comorbidities that contribute to the risk of adverse outcomes. In cases where there are real or perceived breaches of care, a medical malpractice claim may result. In the USA, approximately one-third to one-half of all physicians will be named in medical litigation at least once in their career. Among the various specialties, surgery remains among the highest risk for malpractice litigation, at an average of 10.6 defendants per 100 surgeons. These events can be extremely stressful, demoralizing, or even devastating to the career and well-being of the involved physicians. This can be made better or worse by the individual response and actions of the surgeon on notification of a real or potential claim, and the primary goal of this review is to highlight these key areas and optimal strategies in malpractice scenarios. This includes strategies to manage the initial receipt of a malpractice claim, subsequent courses of action, and advice for incorporating preventive measures into everyday practice.