Abstract
BACKGROUND: Canine parvovirus (CPV) poses an emerging threat to endangered felids, yet its epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics in tigers remain poorly characterized. METHODS: Pathogen detection was performed through necropsy, colloidal gold assays, and PCR on a deceased Bengal tiger, followed by genetic and molecular characterization of the identified CPV. RESULTS: This study isolated a CPV-2c strain (HNSY-031) from captive Bengal tigers. Genetic analysis revealed its closest relationship to Vietnamese canine parvoviruses, with 100% identity to CPV strains circulating in China and Vietnam since 2020. Molecular characterization identified 12 amino acid mutations within the VP2 protein, including key residues associated with host adaptation and viral evolution. CONCLUSIONS: The isolated CPV-2c strain may have originated from multiple potential sources, including contact with domestic or wild animals or contaminated environments. These findings highlight the necessity of implementing comprehensive biosecurity protocols around wildlife facilities, expanding vaccination programs for animals in surrounding regions, and establishing ongoing surveillance systems to monitor potential sources of pathogen exposure.