Abstract
CONTEXT: Osteopenia and osteoporosis are medical terms commonly used for a defect in compact bone. Diabetes has a complex effect on the degree of bone mineral density (BMD). OBJECTIVE: Evaluation of the effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on osteopenia and osteoporosis concerning body mass is the aim of this study. DESIGN: A case-control study, including 400 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 200 healthy individuals, was designed. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: BMD T-score measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used as an indicator for osteopenia and osteoporosis, while body mass index (BMI) was used for determining obesity. RESULTS: The BMD value of osteoporosis was observed in most females of both groups, compared to males with osteopenia with no supported by statistical analysis. The BMI value indicated that obese individuals are more likely to develop osteopenia in both groups, although there were no significant differences. Subjects aged 40 and over showed high osteopenia, which is associated with obesity. CONCLUSION: There is no significant effect of gender, diabetes, or obesity on the BMD. Osteopenia is more prevalent in age groups over 40. The obese women remain at risk of osteoporosis and men are at risk of osteopenia.