Background
We aimed to evaluate the effect of low doses (LD) bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2) and BMP4 micro-immunotherapy (MI) in two in vitro models of periodontal wound healing/regeneration.
Conclusions
LD BMP4 MI treatment shows anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties on hGF, and improved viability of 3D gingiva under inflammatory conditions. LD BMP4 MI treatment could be used on primary prevention or maintenance care of periodontitis.
Methods
We first evaluated the effect of LD of BMP2 and BMP4 MI on a 2D cell culture using human gingival fibroblasts (hGF) under inflammatory conditions induced by IL1β. Biocompatibility, inflammatory response (Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) release), collagen deposition and release of extracellular matrix (ECM) organization-related enzymes (matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP1) and metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 (TIMP1)) were evaluated after short (3 days) and long-term (24 days) treatment with BMP2 or BMP4 MI. Then, given the
Results
LD BMP4 was able to decrease the release of the inflammatory mediator PGE2 and completely re-establish the impaired collagen metabolism induced by IL1β treatment. In the 3D model, LD BMP4 treatment improved tissue viability compared with the vehicle, with similar levels to 3D tissues without inflammation. No significant effects were observed on PGE2 levels nor MMP1/TIMP1 ratio after LD BMP4 treatment, although a tendency to decrease PGE2 levels was observed after 3 days. Conclusions: LD BMP4 MI treatment shows anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties on hGF, and improved viability of 3D gingiva under inflammatory conditions. LD BMP4 MI treatment could be used on primary prevention or maintenance care of periodontitis.