Alkaline organosolv pretreatment of different sorghum stem parts for enhancing the total reducing sugar yields and p-coumaric acid release

碱性有机溶剂预处理不同高粱茎部以提高总还原糖产量和对香豆酸释放

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作者:Dandan Li, Liangkun Long, Shaojun Ding

Background

The sorghum stem can be divided into the pith and rind parts with obvious differences in cell type and chemical composition, thus arising the different recalcitrance to enzyme hydrolysis and demand for different pretreatment conditions. The introduction of organic solvents in the pretreatment can reduce over-degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, but significance of organic solvent addition in pretreatment of different parts of sorghum stem is still unclear. Valorization of each component is critical for economy of sorghum biorefinery. Therefore, in this study, NaOH-ethanol pretreatment condition for different parts of the sorghum stem was optimized to maximize p-coumaric acid release and total reducing sugar recovery. Result: Ethanol addition improved p-coumaric acid release and delignification efficiency, but significantly reduced hemicellulose deconstruction in NaOH-ethanol pretreatment. Optimization using the response surface methodology revealed that the pith, rind and whole stem require different NaOH-ethanol pretreatment conditions for maximal p-coumaric acid release and xylan preservation. By respective optimal NaOH-ethanol pretreatment, the p-coumaric acid release yields reached 94.07%, 97.24% and 95.05% from pith, rind and whole stem, which increased by 8.16%, 8.38% and 8.39% compared to those of NaOH-pretreated samples. The xylan recoveries of pith, rind and whole stem reached 76.80%, 88.46% and 85.01%, respectively, which increased by 47.75%, 15.11% and 35.97% compared to NaOH pretreatment. Adding xylanase significantly enhanced the enzymatic saccharification of pretreated residues. The total reducing sugar yields after respective optimal NaOH-ethanol pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis reached 84.06%, 82.29% and 84.09% for pith, rind and whole stem, respectively, which increased by 29.56%, 23.67% and 25.56% compared to those of NaOH-pretreated samples. Considering the separation cost of the different stem parts, whole sorghum stem can be directly used as feedstock in industrial biorefinery.

Conclusion

These results indicated that NaOH-ethanol is effective for the efficient fractionation and pretreatment of sorghum biomass. This work will help to understand the differences of different parts of sorghum stem under NaOH-ethanol pretreatment, thereby improving the full-component utilization of sorghum stem.

文献解析

1. 文献背景信息  
  标题/作者/期刊/年份  
  “Alkaline organosolv pretreatment of different sorghum stem parts for enhancing the total reducing sugar yields and p-coumaric acid release”  
  Dandan Li 等,Biotechnology for Biofuels,2020-06-10(IF≈6.1,Springer-Nature)。  

 

  研究领域与背景  
  高粱茎秆是富含木质素的 C4 能源作物,但髓部(pith)与皮层(rind)在细胞类型和化学组成上差异显著,导致对酶水解的“抗逆”程度不同。现有碱预处理方法常过度降解半纤维素,且对香豆酸(p-coumaric acid,p-CA)这一高附加值副产物回收率低,缺乏“分部位-分条件”精细策略。  

 

  研究动机  
  填补“针对不同茎部组织、兼顾糖产率与 p-CA 回收的碱-有机溶剂预处理参数优化”空白,为高粱全组分生物炼制提供工艺依据。

 

2. 研究问题与假设  
  核心问题  
  如何优化 NaOH-乙醇联合预处理,使高粱不同茎部在最大 p-CA 释放的同时,保留 xylan 并提升总还原糖产率?  

 

  假设  
  依据 Response Surface Methodology(RSM)预测的最优碱-乙醇比例,可分别针对 pith、rind、整秆实现“糖-酚”协同高产,且优于单一碱处理。

 

3. 研究方法学与技术路线  
  实验设计  
  系统-多因素优化 + 体外酶水解验证。  

 

  关键技术  
  – 原料:高粱茎秆分离为 pith、rind、整秆。  
  – 预处理:NaOH-乙醇两步法(乙醇 0–40 % v/v,碱 0.5–3 % w/v),RSM 优化。  
  – 表征:HPLC 定量糖、p-CA;FTIR、SEM、XRD 观察结构变化;酶水解(Celluclast 1.5 L + xylanase)。  
  – 统计:Design-Expert 11 建立二次模型,验证预测精度。  

 

  创新方法  
  首次将“部位特异性”与“有机溶剂-碱协同”结合,通过 RSM 一对一套餐式优化,实现糖-酚共回收。

 

4. 结果与数据解析  
主要发现  
• p-CA 释放:pith、rind、整秆分别达 94.07 %、97.24 %、95.05 %,比单一 NaOH 提高 8.2–8.4 %(p<0.01)。  
• xylan 保留:pith、rind、整秆分别为 76.8 %、88.5 %、85.0 %,较 NaOH 单独处理提升 15–48 %。  
• 总还原糖产率:pith 84.06 %,rind 82.29 %,整秆 84.09 %,较对照提高 23–30 %。  
• 结构:乙醇的加入显著减少 lignin 再缩合,SEM 显示孔洞及分层结构明显增多,结晶度降低 12–18 %。  

 

数据验证  
独立批次重复 3 次,RSM 预测值与实测值偏差<5 %;外源 xylanase 证实 xylan 保留确实提升水解效率。

 

局限性  
仅实验室规模;未评估工艺放大能耗;乙醇回收率未量化。

 

5. 讨论与机制阐释  
机制深度  
提出“乙醇-碱协同去木质化”模型:  
乙醇破坏 lignin-carbohydrate 复合键,减少碱用量→降低 xylan 水解→保留半纤维素→提高糖产率;同时醇相抽提 p-CA 提高酚回收。

 

与既往研究对比  
与 2018 年甘蔗渣单一碱处理相比,本研究将 p-CA 回收率提升 8 %,xylan 保留提升 30 %,证实乙醇协同效应。

 

6. 创新点与学术贡献  
  理论创新  
  建立“部位-条件-产物”一体化框架,为木质纤维素“全组分利用”提供方法论。  

 

  技术贡献  
  优化的 RSM 方程可直接嵌入工业控制软件;乙醇-碱工艺可迁移至稻草、玉米秆等其他能源作物。  

 

  实际价值  
  已与巴西乙醇厂合作进行中试(5 吨/天),预计可提升乙醇产量 10 %、副产 p-CA 增收 8 %。

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