Altered endothelial mitochondrial Opa1-related fusion in mouse accelerates age-associated vascular and kidney damage.

Cardiovascular diseases are the major cause of death worldwide, and their frequency increases with age in association with kidney damage. As a reduction in fusion protein optic atrophy type 1 (Opa1) level in endothelial cells (ECs) decreases the vascular response to flow and increases oxidative stress in perfused kidneys, we hypothesized that reduced Opa1 expression contributes to vascular aging. We used male and female mice with ECs specific Opa1 knock-out (EC-Opa1), and littermate wild-type (EC-WT) mice aged 6 (young) and 20 months (old). Mesenteric resistance arteries (MRA) and kidneys were collected for vascular reactivity and western-blot analysis. In old EC-Opa1 mice, blood urea was greater than in EC-WT mice, and MRA showed reduced endothelium-dependent relaxation. In kidneys, the mitochondria fission protein fission-1 (Fis-1) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (Pgc-1α) were increased in old EC-Opa1 mice. The level of caveolin-1 expression was greater in old EC-Opa1 mice. Moreover, in kidneys from EC-Opa1 old mice, NADPH-oxidase subunit gp91 expression was greater than in age-matched EC-WT mice. Thus, reduced mitochondrial fusion in mouse ECs altered mesenteric vascular reactivity and increased markers of oxidative stress in aging kidneys. Thus, Opa1 might protect the vascular tree in target organs such as the kidney.