Development of a general analysis and unfolding scheme and its application to measure the energy spectrum of atmospheric neutrinos with IceCube: IceCube Collaboration

开发通用分析和展开方案并将其应用于利用 IceCube 测量大气中微子能谱：IceCube 合作组

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作者：Aartsen,M G,Ackermann,M,Adams,J,Aguilar,J A,Ahlers,M,Ahrens,M,Altmann,D,Anderson,T,Arguelles,C,Arlen,T C,Auffenberg,J,Bai,X,Barwick,S W,Baum,V,Beatty,J J,Tjus,J Becker,Becker,K-H,BenZvi,S,Berghaus,P,Berley,D,Bernardini,E,Bernhard,A,Besson,D Z,Binder,G,Bindig,D,Bissok,M,Blaufuss,E,Blumenthal,J,Boersma,D J,Bohm,C,Bos,F,Bose,D,Böser,S,Botner,O,Brayeur,L,Bretz,H P,Brown,A M,Casey,J,Casier,M,Cheung,E,Chirkin,D,Christov,A,Christy,B,Clark,K,Classen,L,Clevermann,F,Coenders,S,Cowen,D F,Cruz Silva,A H,Danninger,M,Daughhetee,J,Davis,J C,Day,M,de André,J P A M,De Clercq,C,De Ridder,S,Desiati,P,de Vries,K D,de With,M,DeYoung,T,Díaz-Vélez,J C,Dunkman,M,Eagan,R,Eberhardt,B,Eichmann,B,Eisch,J,Euler,S,Evenson,P A,Fadiran,O,Fazely,A R,Fedynitch,A,Feintzeig,J,Felde,J,Feusels,T,Filimonov,K,Finley,C,Fischer-Wasels,T,Flis,S,Franckowiak,A,Frantzen,K,Fuchs,T,Gaisser,T K,Gaior,R,Gallagher,J,Gerhardt,L,Gier,D,Gladstone,L,Glüsenkamp,T,Goldschmidt,A,Golup,G,Gonzalez,J G,Goodman,J A,Góra,D,Grant,D,Gretskov,P,Groh,J C,Groß,A,Ha,C,Haack,C,Haj Ismail,A,Hallen,P,Hallgren,A,Halzen,F,Hanson,K,Hebecker,D,Heereman,D,Heinen,D,Helbing,K,Hellauer,R,Hellwig,D,Hickford,S,Hill,G C,Hoffman,K D,Hoffmann,R,Homeier,A,Hoshina,K,Huang,F,Huelsnitz,W,Hulth,P O,Hultqvist,K,Hussain,S,Ishihara,A,Jacobi,E,Jacobsen,J,Jagielski,K,Japaridze,G S,Jero,K,Jlelati,O,Jurkovic,M,Kaminsky,B,Kappes,A,Karg,T,Karle,A,Kauer,M,Keivani,A,Kelley,J L,Kheirandish,A,Kiryluk,J,Kläs,J,Klein,S R,Köhne,J H,Kohnen,G,Kolanoski,H,Koob,A,Köpke,L,Kopper,C,Kopper,S,Koskinen,D J,Kowalski,M,Kriesten,A,Krings,K,Kroll,G,Kroll,M,Kunnen,J,Kurahashi,N,Kuwabara,T,Labare,M,Larsen,D T,Larson,M J,Lesiak-Bzdak,M,Leuermann,M,Leute,J,Lünemann,J,Madsen,J,Maggi,G,Maruyama,R,Mase,K,Matis,H S,Maunu,R,McNally,F,Meagher,K,Medici,M,Meli,A,Meures,T,Miarecki,S,Middell,E,Middlemas,E,Milke,N,Miller,J,Mohrmann,L,Montaruli,T,Morse,R,Nahnhauer,R,Naumann,U,Niederhausen,H,Nowicki,S C,Nygren,D R,Obertacke,A,Odrowski,S,Olivas,A,Omairat,A,O'Murchadha,A,Palczewski,T,Paul,L,Penek,Ö,Pepper,J A,Pérez de Los Heros,C,Pfendner,C,Pieloth,D,Pinat,E,Posselt,J,Price,P B,Przybylski,G T,Pütz,J,Quinnan,M,Rädel,L,Rameez,M,Rawlins,K,Redl,P,Rees,I,Reimann,R,Relich,M,Resconi,E,Rhode,W,Richman,M,Riedel,B,Robertson,S,Rodrigues,J P,Rongen,M,Rott,C,Ruhe,T,Ruzybayev,B,Ryckbosch,D,Saba,S M,Sander,H-G,Sandroos,J,Santander,M,Sarkar,S,Schatto,K,Scheriau,F,Schmidt,T,Schmitz,M,Schoenen,S,Schöneberg,S,Schönwald,A,Schukraft,A,Schulte,L,Schulz,O,Seckel,D,Sestayo,Y,Seunarine,S,Shanidze,R,Smith,M W E,Soldin,D,Spiczak,G M,Spiering,C,Stamatikos,M,Stanev,T,Stanisha,N A,Stasik,A,Stezelberger,T,Stokstad,R G,Stößl,A,Strahler,E A,Ström,R,Strotjohann,N L,Sullivan,G W,Taavola,H,Taboada,I,Tamburro,A,Tepe,A,Ter-Antonyan,S,Terliuk,A,Tešić,G,Tilav,S,Toale,P A,Tobin,M N,Tosi,D,Tselengidou,M,Unger,E,Usner,M,Vallecorsa,S,van Eijndhoven,N,Vandenbroucke,J,van Santen,J,Vehring,M,Voge,M,Vraeghe,M,Walck,C,Wallraff,M,Weaver,Ch,Wellons,M,Wendt,C,Westerhoff,S,Whelan,B J,Whitehorn,N,Wichary,C,Wiebe,K,Wiebusch,C H,Williams,D R,Wissing,H,Wolf,M,Wood,T R,Woschnagg,K,Xu,D L,Xu,X W,Yanez,J P,Yodh,G,Yoshida,S,Zarzhitsky,P,Ziemann,J,Zierke,S,Zoll,M,Morik,K
期刊：European Physical Journal C影响因子：4.800
时间：2015起止号：2015;75(3):116
doi：10.1140/epjc/s10052-015-3330-z

Abstract

We present the development and application of a generic analysis scheme for the measurement of neutrino spectra with the IceCube detector. This scheme is based on regularized unfolding, preceded by an event selection which uses a Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance algorithm to select the relevant variables and a random forest for the classification of events. The analysis has been developed using IceCube data from the 59-string configuration of the detector. 27,771 neutrino candidates were detected in 346 days of livetime. A rejection of 99.9999 % of the atmospheric muon background is achieved. The energy spectrum of the atmospheric neutrino flux is obtained using the TRUEE unfolding program. The unfolded spectrum of atmospheric muon neutrinos covers an energy range from 100 GeV to 1 PeV. Compared to the previous measurement using the detector in the 40-string configuration, the analysis presented here, extends the upper end of the atmospheric neutrino spectrum by more than a factor of two, reaching an energy region that has not been previously accessed by spectral measurements.

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