Abstract
Differential evolution (DE) is a population-based stochastic search algorithm which has shown a good performance in solving many benchmarks and real-world optimization problems. Individuals in the standard DE, and most of its modifications, exhibit the same search characteristics because of the use of the same DE scheme. This paper proposes a simple and effective heterogeneous DE (HDE) to balance exploration and exploitation. In HDE, individuals are allowed to follow different search behaviors randomly selected from a DE scheme pool. Experiments are conducted on a comprehensive set of benchmark functions, including classical problems and shifted large-scale problems. The results show that heterogeneous DE achieves promising performance on a majority of the test problems.