ZnO nanoparticles as an efficient, heterogeneous, reusable, and ecofriendly catalyst for four-component one-pot green synthesis of pyranopyrazole derivatives in water

An extremely efficient catalytic protocol for the synthesis of a series of pyranopyrazole derivatives developed in a one-pot four-component approach in the presence of ZnO nanoparticles as heterogeneous catalyst using water as a green solvent is reported. Greenness of the process is well instituted as water is exploited both as reaction media and medium for synthesis of catalyst. The ZnO nanoparticles exhibited excellent catalytic activity, and the proposed methodology is capable of providing the desired products in good yield (85-90%) and short reaction time. After reaction course, ZnO nanoparticles can be recycled and reused without any apparent loss of activity which makes this process cost effective and hence ecofriendly. All the synthesized compounds have been characterized on the basis of elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR spectral studies.