Abstract
CONTEXT: Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent worldwide, and observational studies have associated it with an atherogenic lipid profile. AIM: To determine the interrelationship between Vitamin D and lipid profile in apparently healthy premenopausal Indian women, considering confounding factors such as lifestyle that independently influence lipids. SETTING AND DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and twenty healthy premenopausal women (20-45 year) were recruited from Gujarat, India. Data were collected on anthropometry, physical activity, sunlight exposure, and diet. Fasting blood samples were collected for the measurement of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D(3) (25[OH]D), parathyroid hormone, and lipid profile. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to derive correlation between serum 25[OH]D concentrations and serum lipids. RESULTS: Ninety-three percent women showed Vitamin D deficiency (serum 25[OH]D < 20 ng/ml). Serum 25(OH)D concentrations showed significant inverse correlation with total cholesterol (TC) (r = -0.202, P = 0.027), triglycerides (TG) (r = -0.284, P = 0.002), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (r = -0.184, P = 0.044) and positive correlation with high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) (r = 0.250, P = 0.006). On dichotomizing the population according to median 25(OH)D concentration (11.1 ng/dl), no significant differences were observed between the groups for anthropometry, sunlight exposure, and lifestyle. Serum lipid profiles were significantly different, above median serum 25(OH)D concentration group showed favorable serum lipids (TC: 179.3 ± 30 vs. 191.8 ± 31.7 mg/dl; TG: 140 ± 39.1 vs. 165.5 ± 53.4 mg/dl; LDL-C: 100 ± 30.2 vs. 112 ± 32 mg/dl; HDL-C: 53 ± 14 vs. 47.6 ± 9.3 mg/dl)(P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that association of 25(OH)D concentrations with lipid profile even after considering lifestyle factors which independently influence lipids. Intervention trials would be required to prove this association to be causation.