Abstract
The underlying genetic causes and altered signaling pathways of brain arteriovenous malformations remain unknown. A study published in The New England Journal of Medicine reported that KRAS somatic mutations (p.Gly12Val/Asp) were identified in brain arteriovenous malformations of human subjects and endothelial cell-enriched cultures, which might specifically activate the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)-ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) signaling pathway in brain endothelial cells.