Abstract
BACKGROUND: Dance provides a range of beneficial effects for older adults including individuals with age-related neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the development of at-home dance programs delivered digitally through live and pre-recorded media, but little is known about how participants may engage with and benefit from these resources. OBJECTIVE: This study explored experiences and potential benefits of digital dance participation among healthy older adults and people with PD. METHODS: An online survey consisting of fixed-choice and open questions was designed in collaboration with dance program providers and distributed between June and November 2020. RESULTS: Healthy older adults (N = 149) and people with PD (N = 178) participating in at-home dance programs reported frequent engagement and a range of benefits. People with PD reported greater levels of motor (e.g., ease of movement, balance) than non-motor (e.g., energy, confidence) outcomes, while healthy older adults reported similar numbers of motor and non-motor outcomes. Positive outcomes were associated with the use of movement imagery during dance in both groups, while singing was associated with benefits in people with PD and vocalising was associated with benefits in older adults. At-home dance resources were found to offer convenience and flexibility, but participants missed the interaction, support, and routine provided by in-person classes. The majority expressed a preference to continue with both digital and in-person participation in the future. Qualitative analysis of participants' comments further revealed that digital participation could help to maintain connection and well-being, as well as identifying further considerations for improving accessibility and facilitating digital engagement. CONCLUSIONS: At-home dance appears to be accessible, engaging, and potentially beneficial for older adults and people with PD, although barriers to participation should be addressed. Digital resources will be increasingly important to enable cost-effective, large-scale provision of home-based therapeutic activities.