Abstract
The construction and coal industries generate substantial industrial waste, including coal gangue and construction and demolition (C&D) waste, leading to environmental pollution and high disposal costs. Integrating recycled aggregates (RAs) and coal gangue powder (CGP) into concrete is an effective approach for waste management. However, CGP can affect the performance of traditional recycled concrete. This study primarily aims to optimize the utilization of RAs and CGP while maintaining concrete performance. They utilized orthogonal experimental designs and microscopic characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Orthogonal experimental analysis indicated that with a water-cement ratio (WCR) of 0.5 and replacement rates of 10% for CGP and 60% for RA, compressive and splitting tensile strengths reached 73.6% and 77.4% of ordinary C30 concrete, respectively. This mix proportion minimizes strength decline in coal gangue powder-recycled aggregate concrete (CGP-RAC) while maximizing recycled material replacement. Microscopic analysis revealed that CGP increased the Ca/Si ratio in cement paste, impeding hydration reactions, resulting in a looser internal structure and reduced concrete strength. These findings are anticipated to provide fresh theoretical insights for solid waste recycling and utilization.